The Peer Reviewed Essay Topics Diaries

The Peer Reviewed Essay Topics Diaries To choose which subject you're likely to discuss, it's vital to see the complete collection of good persuasive speech topics from the special area of study. For a student in the center school the typical topics are linked to science and history. As a result, the author fails to recognize the gaps to be filled by the research. Showing awareness about recent changes in this issue you're writing on is very vital to win an excellent grade. If you're authentic, nobody can write the exact essay as you! Don't use any false or exaggerated details about your topic in the essay. Write an essay to back up your view about it. Take a look at how to develop an essay topic! Therefore, either you would like to learn more about how to compose an essay, or you desire some essay writing services or even in case you would like to go through some sample essays, then just refer to WritingBest and all of your requirements will be fulfilled whenever possible. When you're writing this essay, your primary focus is going to be to provide the reader vast details about this issue under discussion. Once you comprehend the form of essay, it's time to choose a topic. The topic has to be interesting, the topic has to be essential and finally the topic has to be informative. It is a good idea to prevent argument essay topics on moral issues because they don't support logical discussion. There are a few great topics to take into account when selecting topic for your argumentative essay. When it has to do with writing an argumentative essay, the most essential issue to do is to select a topic and an argument which you can really get behind. There are some fundamenta l rules when you're contemplating deciding on this issue. The very first issue to do is become a specialist on the subject as you'll be expected to understand the the inner workings of the subject you're debating about. One of the greatest ways to select your topic is to find one which you get a strong opinion about. The Fundamentals of Peer Reviewed Essay Topics That You Will be Able to Benefit From Beginning Right Away The most effective argumentative essay writing service on the web is an organization that supplies good quality and inexpensive help on argumentative essay and argumentative essay topics. Argumentative essay topics cover a wide selection of subjects, and can be quite persuasive if a top quality essay represents them. The topics for argumentative essays are often quite self-explanatory they're common understanding. Occasionally, selecting a perfect argumentative essay topics will be quite tough. What You Need to Do About Peer Reviewed Essay Topics Even toda y exists a group of individuals who believe that essay writing is the simplest portion of any educational program and that which you have to do there, is to just go on writing whatever and wherever you really feel like writing whatever comes in your mind. Collaborating with different students is a brilliant idea as you may read drafts and give each other constructive methods and recommendations. There are just a few things that define whether an essay you're working on is going to be a good one. If you are a newcomer to writing informative essays or simply struggle when it has to do with thinking of informative essay topics, then there's a great chance you might be looking for some help. Argumentative essay is about arguing and debating on a subject, which is debatable. Write a succinct biography of your favourite author and discuss why the author you prefer. Superheroes are more prone to fight each other than they are supposed to fight villains. The 30-Second Trick for Pee r Reviewed Essay Topics Bear in mind you may make funny argumentative essays if you do a few things. Each of these varieties of paper is owned by the category of informative essay. Another good idea is to receive some totally free essay examples of different kinds and on various subjects to find a general idea of the way in which a thriving debatable paper looks. It's recommended that you just opt for the topic that you are able to deal with, for instance, if you're not t sketching the personality characteristics then you need to better not elect for it. If you are pleased with the amount of your knowledge on a specific subject, hen you may safely consider it as the topic for your essay. You should have accessibility to proper resources which will aid you to compose the essay with good sense and structure. The authors believe that oral reading fluency is a crucial prerequisite to independent comprehension of text. They fail to discuss some of the limitations and challenges th at he encountered while using the above method of study.

The Issue Of The State Constitution On Same Sex Marriage...

In 2008 the real battle began for amending the state constitution on same-sex marriage rights. In the minds of professionals a lot of things went wrong with the proposition 8 campaign. One of the biggest problems that the campaign came across was money. It takes a lot of money to pass a bill or to appose a bill. Proposition 8 was neck and neck for yes and no results. Yes on 8 campaign requested assistants from the Mormon community and minority homophobia. The Yes on 8 campaign was lead by leaders of Protect Marriage, the main group behind the ban. Protect Marriage campaign issued an urgent cry for help asking for more funds to help keep the fight alive. The Mormon Church contributed up to twenty million dollars to Protect Marriage.†¦show more content†¦Dear President Monson, On behalf of the members of the Ad Hoc Committee for the Defense of Marriage of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, I am writing to express prayerful support and steadfast solidarity w ith the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and its members in view of recent events. We have watched with great distress in recent weeks as some members of society have reacted intemperately, and sometimes even violently, to the decision of the voters in support of Proposition 8 in California. We have been especially troubled by the reports of explicit and direct targeting of your church personnel and facilities as the objects of hostility and abuse. We pray that prudence and healing may prevail. The members of the Committee offer you our profound gratitude for your role in the broad alliance of faith communities and other people of good will who joined together to protect marriage, while at the same time, witnessing to the honor and respect due to every human person created in the image and likeness of God. Fraternally yours in Christ, Archbishop Joseph E. Kurtz (2008, Paulson) Threats and protest the Mormons helped pass Proposition 8 with money, institutional support and dedicated volunteers. It was thought that Mormons made up to 80 percent to 90 percent of the early volunteers going door to door in election precincts. Mormons believed if

Strategic Integrated Marketing-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Briefly discuss how IMC has been utilised well using 2 Australian Organisations of your choice. Answer: Integrated Marketing Communications, often abbreviated as IMC, basically is the integration of all forms of marketing tools and communications, which are linked together carefully, for promoting a brand. It also ensures that all the tools are working together maintaining harmony among themselves (Belch et al., 2014). The essay throws light on the role of Integrated Marketing Communications in the overall marketing and business strategy. It refers to the integration of all methods of promotion of a brand or a specific product and service among the target customers. In IMC, marketing communication of all sorts work together, in order to increase the sales and cost effectiveness. The essay discusses about the definition of Integrated Marketing Communication or IMC, how it has been utilized well by two Australian organizations; Coles Supermarkets and Woolworths Supermarkets, its significant role in overall marketing and business strategy, its application and how it has worked for the organizations. Integrated Marketing Communications or IMC can be defined as the integration of all marketing methods in order to promote a particular brand and its products or services by using various marketing communications and messages. The marketing tools are public relations, sales promotion, direct marketing, advertising, digital marketing which includes social media, personal selling and others (Yeshin, 2012). One of the major supermarkets in Australia is the Coles Supermarkets, which was founded in the year 1914. Presently, it has over 100,000 employees and covers the maximum percentage of the market in Australia. It has been highly regarded part of Australian life and much loved by most of the Australian people. Coles has utilized IMC in a huge way for its marketing purpose (Coles.com.au 2017). The company has over seven hundred and forty one operating stores. It markets its products by offering discount coupons to its customers, loyalty program points for the regular ones, holds campaigns like, Apple for Students for promoting Apple laptops and accessories, Sports for Schools and lot more in order to gain a huge consumer base. The main aim of the company is to give the Australian people the best shopping experience (Blakeman, 2014). Coles has started online delivery system to reach the international markets, which is a success. Customers can view the product and order anytime, anywhere. It has achieved more than 25 percent growth. Digital marketing is also done to dominate the international market, with special offers and discounts depending on its target customers (Keith, 2012). Founded in the year 1924, Woolworths Supermarkets presently has over 111,000 employees and covers the maximum percentage of the market in Australia. Like Coles, it is also very famous among the Australians and much loved by most of the people. Woolworths has also used IMC in a huge way for its marketing purpose (Woolworths.com.au. 2017). Recently, Woolworths has launched its new campaign titled, Always at Woolworths and has invested million dollars in it, which is aired on all the media platforms. It has started online delivery system to reach the international markets, which is a success. Customers can view the product and order anytime, anywhere (Keith, 2012). It has achieved a huge percentage of market growth. Moreover, they have reward programs and special offers for their target customers. Digital marketing is done through various social media platforms to dominate the international market, with special offers and discounts depending on its target customers (Blakeman, 2014). IMC has various components which are discussed here. Firstly, market research is a very important factor in this. It requires detailed analysis of both the brand or its product and the target market for the brand as well. The marketer needs to know the demands, expectations and desires of the target consumers. Moreover, it is important to keep a check on the competitors activities and promotional strategies (Blakeman, 2014). Secondly, a marketer must have a vision of a product before designing it. For instance, if an organizations products are eco friendly, then the marketing should be done in relation to that, promoting clean and green world. Thirdly, the focus should be on the brand as it represents the corporate identity of an organization. Moreover, marketer needs to focus on the consumer experience, that is, what the consumers feel about a particular brand or a product (Percy, 2014). Fourthly, the marketers need to integrate various communication and promotional tools for market ing. Communication tools include advertising, selling directly, promotions through social platforms like Facebook, instagram, twitter and more. Promotional tools include personal selling, trade promotions and more. IMC plays a very important role in overall marketing and business strategy (Yeshin, 2012). To conclude, Integrated Marketing Communications has helped many organizations to reach the International market. With the help of the digital media, marketing has become very easy and cost effective. It has helped in dominating the International market along with several campaigns. Coles and Woolworths Supermarkets have significantly used all the marketing devices to market their brand value to reach the maximum number of consumers. Hence, IMC enables all sorts of marketing tools to work together maintaining peace and harmony, to promote a specific brand or product to effectively reach the maximum target consumers. References Belch, G. E., Belch, M. A., Kerr, G. F., Powell, I. (2014).Advertising: An integrated marketing communication perspective. McGraw-Hill Education. Blakeman, R. (2014).Integrated marketing communication: creative strategy from idea to implementation. Rowman Littlefield. Coles.com.au (2017). Retrieved 7 August 2017, from https://www.coles.com.au/ Keith, S. (2012). Coles, Woolworths and the local.Locale: The Australasian-Pacific Journal of Regional Food Studies,2, 47-81. Percy, L. (2014).Strategic integrated marketing communications. Routledge. Woolworths.com.au. (2017). Retrieved 10 August 2017, from https://www.woolworths.com.au/ Yeshin, T. (2012).Integrated marketing communications. Routledge

Monopoly Or Is It Just Phony Essays - AOL, Netscape, Market Failure

Monopoly Or Is It Just Phony Many people, with the government are trying to label Microsoft as a monopoly. Why is there any delay going around doing that? There is no reason to brand Microsoft as a monopoly. There is part of monopolistic competition and supply-demand acting on this case. The whole trial is about the free internet browser, Internet Explorer, that Microsoft gives out free and includes with its Operating system, Windows. Netscape does the same marketing of its product except that it does not have any operating system to sell with. Netscape is a relatively older browser and prior to Internet Explorer, there was only one browser, Netscape. There have been innumerous upgrades and newer versions of these browsers since Internet Explorers launch in the market. The computer industry is very volatile in itself. Any literate programmer could develop better operating system or browser in the near future. If his/her product is good and he/she have proper marketing available he/she could become the next monopolistic. The industry itself changes with its needs. Innumerous companies in the past have enjoyed monopolist markets like IBM, Intel, and ATmonopolists are a part of the industry and no longer are monopolists. No firm can restrict the entry of any other firm into this field (at least of free browsers) except by direct interference and/or by merging, to which there are anti trust laws restricting those activities. Any firm could loose its monopolist position if it looses its power over a key resource. Here, the key resource is knowledge, which is unlimited and unrestricted. Microsoft has been monopolist in this field for a longer period because of its evolution and enhancement of its products. Netscape would have been in power if it had thou ght of more upgrades and improved quality. The governments role is to prevent harmful monopoly. A harmful monopoly arises when a company starts abusing its power as a monopoly. A harmful monopoly restricts output of the market creating greater demand and thus charging higher prices. A harmful monopoly also does not innovate or change since there is no matching competition. By charging higher prices and having power over key resources a monopoly could restrict entry of other potential competitors. Microsoft does not violate any of these criterion for a monopoly. It has created competition and it does not charge ridiculously on its major software like Windows. The charges on the software reflects not the cost of making copies of the software but the high salaries of programmers, and cost of packaging, printing costly manuals and providing other support and services. Would you like to have 10 different operating systems each with different software and memory formats. So that we have to use 10 different floppy disks to work, school, at friends place, at uncle bob's, in the park with our lab tops, just to name a few. The world would become ridiculous if we were to have any more software companies. Amongst all these data conflict there is only one media that has remained unchanged, at least as a whole - the Internet. The government has given exclusive rights to retain a monopoly to safeguard all information on the internet. This is an example of a natural monopoly created by the government, for Network Solutions, Inc. This should be done in the operating system industry too to reveal us of buying and bookkeeping different software and floppies. If Microsoft is shattered today then tomorrow there will be another major monopoly created because of so much demand in the industry for faster change. This would become a terrible vicious cycle. Instead, th e government should just resolve the matter by putting the case in sole hands of the any software giant like Microsoft, Macintosh, Unix, and Linux (this O/S is absolutely free). Bibliography microsoft.com redhatlinux.com Economics Essays

Free Essays on Comparison Old Man And The Sea

Santiago or the Fish? The Old Man and The Sea, a novel written by Earnest Hemmingway, illustrates a great conflict between man and fish. Santiago is an old fisherman with great experience, but down on his luck. Santiago hopes to end an 84-day streak without a catch by landing a really big fish. Far off the coast, Santiago encounters such a great fish, and the struggle begins. Santiago and the fish are foes with different virtues. Both characters share a sense of class, which makes them great. The old man’s knowledge and experience, clashes against the strength and nobility of the fish. It is to be a monstrous battle with a monstrous fish. The fish is the biggest catch the townspeople have ever seen, measuring at an astonishing18 feet in length. The weight of the fish is about 1,500 lbs. The great fish’s head is a dark purplish color. The sides of the fish are wide, with a light lavender color. The nose, or sword of the fish, is as long as a baseball bat, and tapers down like a rapier. The fish is too great of a catch for most, but is sought after by such a little old fisherman as Santiago. Santiago, with eyes like a hawk, was a man of strength before age had withered him. Age had increased the size of the fish, but had a reversed effect on the old man. The old man was very thin with a dark, even tan, and a body that showed the effects of many years under the hot sun. Santiago must prove that age hasn’t diminished all the strength that is needed to catch a big fish. The fish, great in size, is greater in strength. The strength of the fish is in control when Santiago first encounters it, by pulling the boat out to sea. It has the ability to pull a skiff as large as Santiago’s for nearly two days straight. After all, the great fish is about two feet larger than Santiago’s skiff. Santiago has great strength for an old man, but none compared to a 1,500 lb. fish. The fisherman has no choice but to use s... Free Essays on Comparison Old Man And The Sea Free Essays on Comparison Old Man And The Sea Santiago or the Fish? The Old Man and The Sea, a novel written by Earnest Hemmingway, illustrates a great conflict between man and fish. Santiago is an old fisherman with great experience, but down on his luck. Santiago hopes to end an 84-day streak without a catch by landing a really big fish. Far off the coast, Santiago encounters such a great fish, and the struggle begins. Santiago and the fish are foes with different virtues. Both characters share a sense of class, which makes them great. The old man’s knowledge and experience, clashes against the strength and nobility of the fish. It is to be a monstrous battle with a monstrous fish. The fish is the biggest catch the townspeople have ever seen, measuring at an astonishing18 feet in length. The weight of the fish is about 1,500 lbs. The great fish’s head is a dark purplish color. The sides of the fish are wide, with a light lavender color. The nose, or sword of the fish, is as long as a baseball bat, and tapers down like a rapier. The fish is too great of a catch for most, but is sought after by such a little old fisherman as Santiago. Santiago, with eyes like a hawk, was a man of strength before age had withered him. Age had increased the size of the fish, but had a reversed effect on the old man. The old man was very thin with a dark, even tan, and a body that showed the effects of many years under the hot sun. Santiago must prove that age hasn’t diminished all the strength that is needed to catch a big fish. The fish, great in size, is greater in strength. The strength of the fish is in control when Santiago first encounters it, by pulling the boat out to sea. It has the ability to pull a skiff as large as Santiago’s for nearly two days straight. After all, the great fish is about two feet larger than Santiago’s skiff. Santiago has great strength for an old man, but none compared to a 1,500 lb. fish. The fisherman has no choice but to use s...

How to Develop High School Science Fair Projects 3 Key Tips

How to Develop High School Science Fair Projects 3 Key Tips SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Interested in science? Science fair is a great way to pursue your interest in science. It can help you figure out if you’re interested in a career in research. It’s also a good activity for your college application, especially if you win awards. I should know! I placed 3rd in my state science fair and won an award from NASA #sciencenerd #brushingdirtoffmyshoulders. What exactly is science fair? How do you compete and win? In this guide, I’ll explain exactly what you need to do to develop winning high school science fair projects and why you should consider participating in this challenging but fun extracurricular. What Is Science Fair? Science Fair is a competition at which students (in grades 6-12) present the results of a scientific experiment thatthey conducted. The experiment must fall into one of the following categories (this may vary slightly depending onthe state you live in): Animal Biology Animal Physiology Behavioral / Social Science Biochemistry / Molecular Biology Chemistry Earth/Space Sciences Ecology Engineering Applications Engineering Research Environmental Management Mathematics Computer Science Microbiology Pharmacology Physics Plant Biology Plant Physiology There are two levels of science fair competition, middle school (grades 6-8) and high school (grades 9-12). I’m going to focus on high school science fair competitions, but much of my advice holds true for middle school science fair competitions as well. Some high schools conduct an in-school science fairthenadvance their winners to the county or regional science fair.This varies by state. Some states have regional science fairs (where several counties are grouped into one competition) while other states have individual county science fairs. Some such as California have a mix of regional and county science fairs. The winners of the county or regional science fair then advance on to the state science fair. Each state hosts their own science fair and selects winners. Who Can Compete in High School Science Fair? Any high school student with a project idea that fits into one of the above categories can compete in science fairs!However, each high school is only allowed a specific number of entries into the regional or county science fair.This may vary slightly from region to region.The maximum number of entries per school into the RegionalScience Fair is usually around 13. Most high schools host a school-wide science fair to decide who they’ll send to the RegionalScience Fair.Small schools may just send all interested students (without hosting a school-wide science fair) if they have less than 13 projects to send. How Do You Sign Up for Science Fair? Talk to your guidance counselor about how to sign up to compete in science fair.Usually, one of the science teachers at your high school will be in charge of science fair for your school. Ask your guidance counselor who that person is, then check with that person to learn what you need to do to sign up.You’ll likely need to have a good idea of what your project will be when yousign up! You should sign up as soon as you can.If you’re a Freshman, sign up as soon as you start school.If you’re a Sophomore, Junior, or Senior, you also should sign up at the start of the school year, or sign up at the end of the previous school year to compete the following year. Deadlines will vary from school to school andregionto region.The important thing is to sign up as soon as you decide you want to compete in the science fair; depending on your project idea, you might need special approval before you can sign up or start your experiment. How to Develop High School Science Fair Projects When brainstorming science fair project ideas, I recommend starting with the science fair competition categories (see above).Are any of the areas of particular interest to you?Is there a burning question you had in one of your science classes that you’d like to try and answer? Was there a recent scientific discovery that you found interesting? What was interesting about it? Is there something else you’d like to test that’s related to that discovery? Is there a problem you have, or you see in the world? Do you have an idea of how to fix it?For example, I’d always been interested in how oil spills were cleaned up. I knew bacteria and fungi were sometimes used to clean up oil spills, and I wanted to know which was faster at cleaning up oil spills.That ultimately was the topic of my science fair project. If all of this is drawing a blank, I recommend reading some articles on Science Daily to see if you find anything interesting.Why is it interesting? Do you want to know something more? Once you have your basic project concept, read each of the three considerations below to make sure it's a top-notch idea. Consideration #1: Is it a Good Science Fair Project Idea? What makes a good science fair project idea? I'm defining "good" in this context as a project that will grab the attention of judges and give you a better chance of winning awards. A good science fair project idea will meet the following qualifications: Be unique. Try to come up with an original concept. How do you test the originality of your concept? Do a Google search for your potential idea. If you come up with 5 or more exact matches for your idea, consider picking a different one. If you come up with less than 5 matches,you might have a good project idea! Beapplicable in some way. Try to come up with aproject that will be useful to the world. For example, the results of my project (whether bacteria or fungi cleaned up oil faster) would help in the event of future oil spills. Someone could use the results of my experiment and clean up an oil spill more efficiently. Projects don't need to change the world, but it is helpful if the results of the experiment mean something. As another example, let's look at anaward-winning project from 2015.For this project, the student took chicken breasts and sutured them together in 3 different ways. The student then ran a test to see which of the 3 sutures held together longest under heavy weight. The results of this experiment apply tothe field of medicine. A surgeonmay choose to use the suture technique that held together the longest in lieu of the other suture techniques. What's an example of a non-applicable project? In my middle school science class, we conducted an experiment to see if ketchup or mustard would run down an incline faster. This experiment really had no application to the real world. Consideration #2: Is the Project Idea Feasible? After doing this preliminary round of brainstorming, start to think about feasibility.Can you realistically conduct this experiment with the resources you have at yourdisposal and in the given time frame (likely a month or two - depending on how early you start)? Next, create a basic schedule so you stay on track.I recommend that you conduct yourexperiment and finish it at least 2 weeks before the science fair.You need time to organize the data, write up the results, get the board made, etc. (I’ll discuss this more in-depth below.) For resources, do you have access to a lab through your high school? If you don’t, consider reaching out to local community college professors or to local scientists to see if someone would be willing to be your mentor for your science fair project and let you use their facilities.The mentor would be there to oversee your use of their facilities. It’s doubtful a lab would let you use their facilities without a supervisor. For example, for my project, I needed an incubator thatneither my school nor I had. Luckily, my uncle worked at the local community college and was able to get me access to a mentor and the incubator at the lab. Also, make sure that whatever project you choose you can complete withinyour given time frame.For example, don’t plan to measure how bird population size changes over 5 years after the introduction of a predator species.This is a terrible idea for 2 reasons.One, you don’t have 5 years to conduct an experiment to present at the science fair.Two, you definitely wouldn’t be allowed to introduce a predator into the wild. Some project ideas will require a much larger time commitment that others. Take this into consideration when picking your project.How much time do you have in your schedule to dedicate to science fair? Some projects might only take a single day or weekend.For example, if your experiment wasdetermining which acidic fruit could conduct the most electricity, you could do it in a day. All you would need to do is buy the fruit and buy an electrical conductivity meter. Stick the meter in the fruit and write down the results. Others require you to do something every day for several weeks or months.For example, if your experiment was determining whether fungi or bacteria is better at cleaning up an oil spill, you’ll need a lot more time and advanced planning. You’ll need to monitor your Petri dishes on a daily basis for several weeks to track the progress. Consideration #3: Does Your Project Follow Science Fair Rules? My next point is aboutfeasibility. What experiments are you allowed to do for science fair?Most states have rules regarding the types of science fair experiments students can conduct. Beyond having to fit your experiment into one of their categories (as I mentioned above), you have to obey certain rules about the use of animals, humans, animal tissue, human tissue, hazardous materials, and/or microbes in your experiment.The use of these things isnot prohibited (I used microbes in my experiment). However, you need to get approval in certain cases. These rules will vary by state, so find your state’s and county’s science fair rules by searching Google for â€Å"[State Name] Science Fair Rules† or â€Å"[County Name] County Science Fair Rules.† If one of the potential experiment ideas that you brainstormed passes each of the considerations mentioned (i.e. you have the resources to complete the experiment in the time allowed without breaking any rules), then you should next try to nail down more specificcomponents of the experiment. How to Go From an Idea to Reality Once you've come up with a good science fair project idea that's feasible and doesn't break any rules, how do you take it from an idea to reality? Start by trying to phrase the idea as a question.All experiments should answer a question. What is the question you're trying to answer? For my experiment (on bacteria and fungi cleaning up oil spills), my question was "do bacteria or fungi clean up oil spills faster?" Once you have your question, try to figure out what your independent variable, dependent variable, and controlshould be for your experiment. The independent variable is what you change in the experiment, and the dependent variable is what changes as a result of the change you made. For my experiment, the independent variable is whether bacteria or fungi is used. The dependent variable is how much oil was cleaned up.The control is what you use as the standard of comparison for your other samples. It ensures the reliability of your test by showing nothing else was affecting the results. For example, in my experiment, the control was simply oil in a Petri dish with nothing else. If oil had dissipated from that control Petri dish, I would know there was something else affecting the cleanup of oil. After figuring out your variables, try to figure out how you will measure the results.This can often be the trickiest part of planning your experiment. For my experiment, I checked the Petri dishes once per week for 2 months. At each visit, I put the Petri dishes on a grid and countedthe number of grids that didn't have oil in them. This was not a perfect measurement, but I didn't have any better tools at my disposal. If you're having trouble coming up with the question, variables, or measurement for your project idea, consider talking to your science teacher(s). Theywill likely have advice on what question, variables, and measurements to use. These teachers have seen many years worth of science fair projects and will know if your project is feasible and can give you advice on how to best execute the project. You can alsoresearch similar projects online with a simple Google search. See how those experiments were conducted and if you could do something similar. Once you come up with your idea, you need to get it approved by your science fair coordinator before starting the experiment.Your science fair coordinator is likely one of the science teachers at your school. Ask your science teacher or your counselor who the science fair coordinator is.The coordinatorwill know if you need to submit paperwork before starting your project or if you can get started without further paperwork. How to Present Your Science Fair Project At the science fair, you'll be expected to have a board that presents the results of your experiment and a packet that is basically a printed version of your board. On the day of the science fair, you'll spend most of the time standing next to your board waiting for a judge to approach you. The judges are typically volunteers with a science background (former science teachers or scientists). You will present your entire experiment to the judges, and then they will typically ask you a few questions about your experiment (I'll discuss this more in-depth below). You'll likely go through this process more than once. At some science fairs, you present to each judge individually (most fairs have at least 3 judges per category). Also, some science fairs have additional judges from companies that give out supplemental awards. For example, at my state science fair, NASA sent their own judge that, separate from the state judges, heard presentations and asked questions. You might also be asked about your experiment by parents and fellow science fair competitors. What Should You Include on Your Science Fair Board? I've includedanexample of a science fairboard below to demonstrate how your board should look. The actual topic of this board is a little too juvenile for a high school science fair (it was probably presented at a middle school science fair), but the visual presentation of the board is the same as you'd expect atthe high school level. Flickr/Oddharmonic Before we dive into the content of the board, you should make sure the board is visually appealing. Make sure it isn't too cluttered. Make sure to include some pictures or graphics (I'll discuss this more below). Your board's appearance will be the first impression people have of your experiment, so make sure it's a good first impression. At the top of your board, you should have the title of the experiment. It can be something clever like the one in the picture (the experiment was trying to find out if shampoo helped carnations hold color dye better) or it can be more basic (i.e. Does Shampoo Help Carnations Hold Dye?). The front page of your presentation packet should be a cover page with your experiment name and your name. In the following section, Ilistwhat you should include inboth your board and in your packet. Examples (using the carnation experiment) are highlighted in blue: Problem (or Experimental Question):What was the question you were trying to answer with your experiment? Does shampoo help carnations hold color dye better than acetone? Hypothesis: What did you think the answer to that question is? I think shampoo will help carnations hold color dye better than acetone. Materials:What did you use to conduct your experiment? 24 carnations, Dove brand shampoo, red color dye, acetone, a measuring cup, etc. Variable:What was the independent variable, dependent variable, control? As I said before, the independent variable is what you change. The dependent variable is what changes because of it. The independent variable iswhether acetone or shampoo was used. The dependent variable is the color of the carnations. Procedure:What steps did you follow to conduct the experiment (be as detailed as possible). 1. Place 2 carnations into a vase with 2 ml of shampoo, 2 ml of red dye, and 2 ml of water. 2. Place another 2 carnations into a separate vase with 2 ml of acetone, 2 ml of red dye, and 2 ml of water. Data/Graphs:What data did you collect? Can you present it as a table or graph? (If you can, you should.) After two days, the carnations in the shampoo mixture were pink, and the carnations in the acetone mixture were red. Conclusion:What were the results of the experiment? I found that the carnations absorbed the dye better with acetone than with shampoo. The carnations in the acetone mixture turned a deep red while the carnations in the shampoo mixture only became a light pink. As I said above, when presenting your experiment, you’ll be asked questions about your experiment. How can you best prepare for these questions? Most importantly, know your project details inside and out. Know how your project results applyto the real world.For example, if your experiment is which fruit has the most conductivity, you could discuss how viable an option fruit is as a source of alternative energy (even if it’s not).Even if your experiment would not be realistic in the real world, it is great to show that your knowledge of science goes beyond your project. Brainstorm what questions you might be asked. Some examples include:How did you come up with the idea for your experiment?What did you use as your control? What do your results tell you? Then, try to answer all of the questions you’ve brainstormed.Write your answers down.Perfect them.This way you’ll be prepared to eloquently answer the questions you’re asked. What Are the Benefits of Participatingin Science Fair? Competing in science fair has many benefits. Through science fair, you'll get to meet like-minded students who are interested in science. If you get to go on to county/regional/state competitions, you'll make science-interested friends from other schools as well! Science fair is a great opportunityto test out whether you’d like to pursue a career in scientific research. It's great to try and find your passion in high school so you don't waste time and money during college trying to figure out what you want to major in.By doing science fair, hopefully, you'll find out if science isa subject you want to continue studying or not. If you compete in science fair, you can potentially be recognized for your scientific ability by receivingawards from your school, county, region, state, or other science fair sponsors (such as NASA). If you win an award, it looks great onyour college application. Colleges love to see students who were recognized for their talents!Additionally, science fair is a free experience that won’t cost you anything other than time and maybe a little money for supplies for your experiment.I highly recommend competing in science fair if you’re interested! There are a couple of cons to competing in science fair. Science fair can be extremely time-consuming. Ifyou're worried about not having enough time, I recommend doing a more manageable project (an experiment that can be completed in a shorter time frame). Sciencefair projects do not need to take a lot of time. Just because an experiment doesn't require a lot of time doesn't make it any less sophisticated than other more time-consuming projects. Also, some studentsfind science fair boringif they don't care that much about science. I still think it's valuable to try science fair once if you have any interest in science. If you find science fair boring then, at least, you figured out science is probably not your desired career path, and you can move on to exploring your other interests. What’s Next? Interested in learning more about other extracurricular activities? Learn about Model UN and how to join your high school newspaper. Looking for something to do this summer? Check out the Emory Pre-College Program and the Boston University Summer Challenge! Looking to get started on SAT/ACT preparation? Check out our ultimate SAT/ACT study guideschedule and plan! Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Promotion in Marketing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Promotion in Marketing - Research Paper Example The research paper "Promotion in Marketing" talks about the promotion strategy, advertisement, promotion mix (TV advertisement, direct selling, sales promotion and publicity) for Wal-Mart. This paper also discusses the Wal-Mart’s social marketing and promotion strategy for Nordstrom. Wal-Mart seeks to attract the middle and low-income group people. The brand sells itself towards consumer as much inexpensive compared to other brands. In advertising, the key message of Wal-Mart is â€Å"We have lower prices than anyone else†. To promote the brand the company puts a high-velocity product in a high visibility area in every division. It develops a perception that since the first product is inexpensive, the other products will be inexpensive as well. Wal-Mart focuses on advertisement through the website and in-store TV Network. The in-store network displays a continuous stream of product advertisement. Wal-Mart TV has almost 130 million observers which make it the fifth biggest television broadcasting network in America. The network of Wal-Mart can be found in almost 2600 sites. The advertisers pay 137,000 USD– 292,000 USD to place a single business advertisement. The expense of advertising is based on the length and total stores where the advertisement w ill be displayed. Wal-Mart seeks to fit the broadcasting more distinctively according to the field of store depending on regional preferences and conditions. The TV network of Wal-Mart is very sophisticated and an internet oriented system.

In what sense can we say that humans are uncomfortable with their own Essay

In what sense can we say that humans are uncomfortable with their own vision of the future and what mechanics do they use to cop - Essay Example But then, people would not consider this as the most normal attitude. In fact, the denigrating term ‘paranoid’ has often been applied to describe such individuals. Gripped in paranoia or not, the truth though is that people fear the future just as they fear the dark. This is because the future certainly has a darkness of its own. Even if people plan out in order to ensure that they gain success and happiness in the days or years to come, they are still not so sure about it. Therefore, they just do not seem to get contented with what they have done in preparation for the future. They continue to strive for means that would render them more capable for every possible challenge that the future brings. In Lauren Slater’s Dr. Daedalus, this point is well explained through the works and goals of Joe Rosen, a surgeon that dares to engage in plastic surgery not just for aesthetics but for new physical attributes to enhance the capabilities of man. Slater’s article apparently dwells on the positive effect of anticipating the future. However, fear of the future also has its negative implication. Obsessed with preparing for the future, man tends to reduce opportunities to be happy in the present. This is the argument raised by Adam Gopnik in his article Bumping into Mr. Ravioli. Both articles by Slater and Gopnik may not be entirely dwelling on the issue of the fear of the future but these can give valuable insights that point out how uncomfortable people can be with their visions of the future and how they try cope with it. People’s fear of the future is not without bases. First of all, even if the future does seem dark, there are reasons why people speculate. A number of times the speculations could be accurate, especially because of the well-developed characteristic of observing the way things and events evolve according to the law of motion. The sciences have also progressed greatly through the years, allowing people to grasp the poss ibilities based on current realities. In Dr. Daedalus, Slater discusses about the goal of Joe Rosen to develop wings for man. Slater obviously appreciates what Rosen is doing for people with deformities but even she could not help but take an ambiguous position regarding the aim of creating a winged man. Slater writes that Rosen’s â€Å"ideas of altering the human form are repugnant and delicious, and that’s a potent combination to unravel.† (321) Acknowledging the fact that man is perpetually in search of means to make life more convenient, Rosen sees the future in which the desire for easy travel is realized by having wings. This is indeed a wonderful prospect but the idea can also be absurd and even unacceptable if man also considers the body as sacred according to the tenets of his religion and traditions. Here lies one of the bases for being uncomfortable about the future; even as the future is inevitable, man simply cannot face it with an attitude devoid o f concepts that are much linked to the past. In fact, people even find it difficult to face the present in a more liberating manner because of influence or ideas that have been embedded in the mind for centuries already. The state of being busy is the sum of past and current attitudes as Gopnik explains. Gopnik writes that â€Å"busyness is felt so intently here because we are both crowded and overloaded† and that â€Å"we exit the apartment into a still dense nineteenth-century grid of street

1987 Constitution Interpretation Essay Example for Free

1987 Constitution Interpretation Essay By the 1850’s The Constitution, originally framed as an instrument of national unity, had become a source of sectional discord and tension and ultimately contributed to the failure of the union it had created. This is all shown by the misinterpretations of the Constitution and documents that followed on many occasions and topics. The Constitution was never explained to how it was meant to be interpreted, which cause many disagreements, which ultimately started sectionalism, which is the loyalty to interests or views in one’s region of a country rather than the views or interests of the country as a whole. Sectionalism kick started the idea of sucession from the union, which started the bloodiest war on american soil, the Civil War. The misinterpretation on the views of slavery was the biggest argument as shown in multiple documents, (Document E), â€Å"To the Argument, that the word ‘slaves’ and ‘slavery’ are not to be found in the Constitution, and therefore it was never intended to give any protection or countenance to the slave system, it is sufficient to reply, that no such words are continued in the instrument, other words were used, intelligently and specifically, to meet the necessities of slavery.† This basically means that the constitution could have many interpretations on the basis that no â€Å"right† interpretation was ever stated.There were many feuds between documents following the Constitution such as the Compromise of 1850 as show in in the map of (Document A) where the country is broken into 2 parts, not unified because of slavery, along with the Fugitive Slave Law, (Document D)

Hackers :: Technology Hacking Essays

Hackers We are people who live among a society where obeying the laws is apart of our culture. Of course there will be people trying to break the rules and disrupt society for whatever reason. Crime is always a possibility just like in an online community or anywhere on the Internet in general. These criminals are known as Hackers because of their capabilities to steal or damage information on the Internet that can be very valuable like bank accounts or even top-secret government files. Capabilities like these must come from in-depth knowledge of the computer and Internet. Which leads to the myth that anyone with computer intelligence or being a "computer nerd," is a hacker. In the movie entitled Hackers, this stereotype is greatly promoted. Throughout the film, it seemed like almost every single person who used a computer was some sort of hacker. There were so many hackers portrayed, you even had good hackers, bad hackers, and really weird hackers. Yet out of all the people I've known in my life that know a lot about computers have never hacked anything before. The majority were youths which leads to another myth about hackers, they are considered outsiders and live troubled lives which causes them to "screw with society." The reality is most hacking is a lot like in this movie, purely to mess around in a way. Since being in a virtual world that has no physical contact, there is no immediate punishment and no cops there to chase you down with a baton. In the film it also seemed like some sort of "cat and mouse," game between the hackers and feds, but in reality being hunted down by the FBI and sent to prison is not a light matter. It is also true that being hacker must have a sufficient amount of computer knowledge but even a "Software God," like Bill Gates is not a hacker. So just because someone practically built a computer or knows everything about the Internet doesn't mean they are stealing off of it also. That's like saying an auto-mechanic is going to commit Grand Theft Auto since that person knows a car like the back of their hand. In contrast, the same computer knowledge that is used to get around the Internet can also be used to protect it. Being fearful of hackers on the Internet is like being fearful of thieves in the real world.

Sundial

Another one of the most important technological advancements in history would have to be the sundial. The sundial was invented by ancient Egyptians in 1500 BC. Sundials are the oldest known device for the measurement of time and the most ancient of scientific instruments. The sundial uses the sun to tell the time of the day by casting a shadow on the sundial. The idea of the sundial is based upon the fact that the shadow of an object will move from one side of the object to the other as the sun moves from east to west during each day. The sundial provides the earliest evidence of the division of the day into equal parts. Before the division of day and night into twenty-four equal hours became accepted practice in cultures. The number of hours that was used was the concept that an hour in the summer lasted longer than an hour in the winter because the daylight period itself was longer. One of the reasons why sundials are so important is because it is one of the first known instruments for the measurement of time. It was also used in later cultures as a status symbol, such as ancient Greece and Rome where donors would get their names inscribed on the instruments to show their wealth. The reasons I think that the sundial is one the most important scientific developments is because of the broad usage of it in later cultures after Egypt. The sundial is still used today as an instrument to keep record of time. One of the key reasons that makes the sundial important to me is this was the first known scientific instrument. That to me makes it the most important invention of the time do the fact that it sparked an interest in the keeping of time and is the start to modern day clocks. This also may be the start to the invention of other scientific instruments, which is a huge impact in the field of science and may have led to the invention of many other great devices. I believe that the Egyptians are the leaders of keeping time as well as innovation in the field of science. In conclusion the sundial is a great invention and is one of the few early inventions that is still used today and that shows how great the ingenuity of the Egyptians was.

Anita and Meena in Anita and Me and Piggy and Ralph in Lord of the Flies Essay

In both Anita and Me and Lord of the Flies, the characters have very much the same type of friendship. The two people in the friendship are not on the same level when they are together. For example, in Anita and Me, Meena is never seen as more superior to Anita and Piggy is never seen as superior to Ralph. Despite this fact, the reader can obviously tell that both Meena and Piggy are more intellectually superior to Anita and Ralph. These two friendships in both books undergo changes as incidents occur such as the forming of Jack’s tribe in Lord of the Flies and when Anita’s other friends abandon her. These changes really force both Anita and Ralph, the more superior of the two friendships to rely heavily on the inferior of the friendships, Piggy and Meena for emotional support. If these parts of the two books were looked at in detail, the reader would see that both Ralph and Anita usually feel as if they cannot continue and Meena and Piggy are usually the people who help them through their difficult times and provide support. At the beginning of Anita and Me, Anita is portrayed as quite an attractive young girl and one with the power to have control over people, ‘Anita was the undisputed ‘cock’ of our yard†¦her foghorn voice, foul mouth †¦ indicated she was carrying enough testosterone around to earn the title†¦she had the face of a pissed-off cherub, huge green eyes, blonde hair and a curling mouth†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Here we can see that Anita is described as the ‘undisputed ‘cock’ of our yard’. This illustrates how she is a very powerful girl. The fact that features such as blonde hair, large green eyes and a face of a cherub are resembled in her suggest that she is quite an angelic, good and polite young girl. This, however, is contradicted by her ‘foghorn voice’ and ‘foul mouth’. This shows us how she is not really what she seems and that even though she may look tough and powerful, she really is quite a lonely, sad girl. If we compare Anita’s appearance to Meena’s, we see a large difference: ‘†¦the winter coat, the scabbed knees, my stubborn nine-year old face†¦ not because I was too young or badly dressed, it was something else, something about me so offputting, so unimaginable†¦.’ Meena describes herself as very unattractive. When compared to Anita, we can see that it is the truth. Anita’s description gives her maturity and superiority while Meena’s make her seem as if she is a little ‘nine-year old’ girl who does not possess the same maturity and superiority as Anita. It is very much the same as Lord of the Flies with Piggy and Ralph’s friendship. At the beginning, our first impression gained of Ralph is of an athletic and attractive young boy: ‘He was old enough, twelve years and a few months, to have lost the prominent tummy of childhood†¦you could see now that he might make a boxer, as far as width and heaviness of shoulders went, buy there was a mildness about his mouth and eyes that proclaimed no devil’ Here Ralph is described in an attractive way and he, like Anita, can be described in two different ways: firstly as a ‘boxer’ which portrays Ralph as a strong, powerful man while the ‘mildness about his mouth and eyes’ shows that he is still an innocent pleasant young boy. In the same way Anita is friends with Meena in Anita and Me, Ralph is friends with Piggy. Piggy is very similar to Meena. Both Piggy and Meena are not as attractive as Ralph and Anita. In this way, they are seen as insuperior to them: ‘The naked crooks of his knees were plump, caught and scratched by thorns’ Here Piggy’s description does not portray him as either very attractive or very interesting. The fact that his knees are scratched by thorns makes Piggy seem quite young as you normally imagine young children to have scratched knees. Ralph is described as almost a man. This is another way in which Piggy is depicted as inferior to Ralph. Another way in which Ralph and Anita are described as greater than Piggy and Meena are when they meet. When Anita talks to Meena for the first time, she assumes that she is more superior to Meena. ‘†¦then snatched the bag off me and began walking away as she ate’ When Anita meets Meena, she snatches a bag of sweets from her and starts to walk away. She expects Meena to follow and what I find surprising is that Meena seems to think that this is fine and she feels happy to follow her a few paces behind. Meena feels privileged to be in Anita’s company. Anita realises this and uses it to her advantage. Anita has got used to realising that she is normally the leader of a group and that she has the ability to exert a lot of power. Ralph also assumes that he is superior when he meets Piggy. When Piggy asks what Ralph’s name is, Ralph does not return the gesture: ‘The fat boy waited to be asked his name in turn buy this proffer of acquaintance was not made’ Here Ralph is portrayed as quite arrogant. We can see that Ralph obviously feels in some way superior to this fat boy and therefore he feels that he is not the same level as him. Throughout the book, Ralph has a certain amount of superiority over Piggy and uses it often. When Jack, Simon and Ralph explore the island for the first time and Piggy asks to come, Ralph embaraces him by refusing to let him come. The same is done in Anita and Me, as Anita is throughout the book more superior to Meena. Both Meena and Piggy do not belong to the groups that are formed in the books. Piggy is far too intellectual and mature for the games played and he is the odd one out of the group, as is Simon. Meena too does not fit in to Anita’s group. She describes herself as ‘too young for Anita’s consideration and too old for the children’. Even when she does join Anita’s group, she sometimes feels out of place. Towards the end of both books, both Anita and Ralph find that they need support when their close friends leave them. In Anita and Me, Anita experiences this when her mother leaves: ‘†¦she always seemed older than her peers. But when I spied her sitting alone on the park swings, from a distance, her crumpled face and hunched shoulders turned her momentarily into a little old lady. When Anita’s mother and the poet leave her, Anita feels depressed and lonely. Meena, although she is angry with her, feels sorry for Anita and tries to comfort and support her. This shows how Meena, even though she is portrayed as insuperior to Anita, is the more stable of the two girls. Meena has two loving parent who look after her well and a baby brother while Anita lives with her unreliable mother who is hardly there for her and a father who sees her very rarely. Ralph also finds himself in this situation when the boys divide into two groups and Ralph is left only with Simon and Piggy: ‘Piggy’ ‘Uh?’ ‘What are we going to do?’ Piggy looked at the conch. ‘You could-‘ ‘Call an assembly?’ Ralph laughed sharply as he said the word and Piggy frowned. Here we can see the difference in Ralph’s way of talking to Piggy. We can see that Ralph has no idea of what to do now that Jack has made his own tribe. Ralph now finds that he is relying on Piggy to help and support him through his time of need. Ralph also uses the word ‘we’ instead of ‘I’. This shows how Ralph feels that both him and Piggy are now in their own tribe. It also shows how Ralph is letting Piggy be on the same level as him by using ‘we’. Another way in, which the friendship of Anita and Meena and the friendship between Ralph and Piggy are similar, is the ending of the friendship. At the end of the book, Meena realises that Anita is not the person she should be a best friend with: ‘I don’t give a toss what your sister [Anita] does, Tracey. Yow can tell her that from me.’ At this point, Meena has realised that Anita has not treated her as well as she should have been treated. Meena learns this from making friends with two other people who treat her well and are true friends. When Meena returns from hospital, she doesn’t socialise much and is happy doing things alone. Anita, jealous of her happiness and the love she receives from her parents, sends threatening notes to her in the hope of scaring Meena. At this point we can really see that Meena is superior to Anita as Anita tries to make a desperate attempt at trying to feel more superior and secure by threatening her. The same happens in Lord of the Flies. After Piggy has died, Ralph realises what a great friend Piggy really was to him and how much he needs him when Jack’s tribe turn against him: ‘And in the middle of them, with filthy body, unwiped nose, Ralph wept for the end of innocence, the darkness of man’s heart, and the fall through the air of the true, wise friend called Piggy. Here we can see that Ralph’s image of a strong, powerful young man is lost and we see him as a young naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve boy in contrast to Piggy who is described as ‘wise’. Before, Piggy was portrayed as a fat, asthmatic boy who was inferior to Ralph but now we see that Piggy is superior to Ralph. Ralph realises this and feels bad in the way he treated Piggy. Towards the end of both books, the characters who were portrayed as superior: Anita and Ralph find it hard to cope when Meena and Piggy leave them. In Anita and Me, when Meena breaks the friendship between herself and Anita, Anita begins to find that she is jealous of Meena and sends her threatening notes. Similarly in Lord of the Flies, when Piggy dies, Ralph finds it hard to cope. He is left all alone and is abandoned by his so-called friends who he preferred to Piggy in the beginning. In both cases we find how much Ralph and Anita depended on Piggy and Meena to make them feel superior. While in actual fact, Meena and Piggy were the superior ones.

Compare and Contrast Essay Writing

Compare and Contrast Essay Writing Here is a short information about 2 possible ways to write a compare and contrast essay. A comparison essay is an essay in which you either compare something or contrast something. To write a comparison essay that is easy to follow, first, decide what the similarities or differences are by writing lists on scrap paper. Which are more significant, the similarities or the differences? Plan to discuss the less significant first, followed by the more significant. It is much easier to discuss ONLY the similarities or ONLY the differences, but you can also do both. Experience a lack of time or inspiration?  Ask our writers for help  and you will get an  essay written to all your requirements. Then for organizing your comparison essay, choose one of the plans described below whichever best fits your list. Plan A: Use Plan A if you have many small similarities and/or differences. After your introduction, say everything you want to say about the first work or character, and then go on in the second half of the essay to say everything about the second work or character, comparing or contrasting each item in the second with the same item in the first. In this format, all the comparing or contrasting, except for the statement of your main point, which you may want to put in the beginning, goes on in the SECOND HALF of the piece. Plan B: Use Plan B if you have only a few, larger similarities or differences. After your introduction, in the next paragraph discuss one similarity or difference in BOTH works or characters, and then move on to the next paragraph to the second similarity or difference in both, then the third, and so forth, until youre done. If you are doing both similarities and differences, juggle them on scrap paper so that in each part you put the less important first (X and Y are both alike in their social positions . . .), followed by the more important (but X is much more aware of the dangers of his position than is Y). In this format, the comparing or contrasting goes on in EACH of the middle parts. Now, when you know the  possible ways of comparing and contrasting, lets check out our list of compare and contrast essay topics: 30 TOP Compare and Contrast Essay Topics Need an essay?   offers all essay types on different topics. Place an order now to get your essay on time.

College Entrance Essay Outline

College Entrance Essay Outline College Entrance Essay Outline If you are planning to enter college, a college entrance essay is probably something that disturbs you most of all. It is rather natural since your essay will influence much the admission committees decision on whether to accept or reject you. That is why planning properly your admission essay is your primary purpose. So, in this article you will find the guidelines that will help you produce an effective English essay writing outline. Before you start working out your college entrance essay outline, we advise you brainstorm a bit. Ask yourself the following questions that will help you get an idea of what components to include into your college entrance critical essay outline: Why do you prefer this very college to other academic institutions? What career goals do you have for the future? What plan do you have for realization of your goals? What area would you like to specialize in? Why do you think you will be successful at college? Read also: After that, you are ready to pass to your college entrance essay outline. Here are the guidelines that will help you work out an effective college entrance essay outline, thus, make a steady foundation for your essay: Take a big poster and write down your major purpose. It is up to you how to formulate it, as the college entrance essay outline is a draft only that serves you as a compass showing the direction to move by. For instance, you may write something like I want to enter this college because. There is certainly something that influenced your decision to enter this college. So, the first point of your college entrance essay outline is all about the evaluation of the significant experience, achievement, or even a person who helped you make the decision. The next item of your college entrance essay is all about the discussion of your personal, local, and international concern that is very important to you. Think of the concern that might reveal your character but not the one all people care about. Make notes. Finally, in your college entrance essay outline, make notes on the range of your academic interests. How could you contribute to the richness of the college campus community? Outline the range of your abilities and personal perspectives the admission committee might find rather interesting. When making the college entrance essay outline, you are a creator, and whether your creature will become your assistant or wrecker depends on you. If you are in need of well-written college admission essay, do not hesitate to order custom admission essay writing service at our site! We know how to write winning admission essays! Related posts: Essay Writing Need Help Writing a Paper College Term Paper Persuasive Research Paper Term Paper Editing

Financial Accounting Concepts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Financial Accounting Concepts - Essay Example The intangible assets lumped in one account is also listed under the non-current assets. This account may represent the patents, trademarks, reputation, skilled management or well-trained labor force of the company. It should be noted that some accountants are averse to record this type of assets unless they can be promptly valued (Brealey, Myers & Marcus, 1995). The liability section of the balance sheet, along with the shareholders' equity, shows the financial resources utilized for the procurement of assets (Brealey, Myers & Marcus, 1995). Similar to assets, liabilities are also classified into current and non-current liabilities, obligations which are due in the short-term and long-term, respectively. Non-current liability accounts of WMT in the balance sheet include long-term debt and other non-current liabilities, which represent the WMT's loans from banks and investors which are not immediately due. Furthermore, deferred income tax is accounted for in the balance sheet. As the name suggests, this is the outstanding income tax due which will have to be paid to the government. This section also includes the account for minority interest which is the liability of the company to investors with non-controlling stake or interest over the company. On WMT's balance sheet as at end-2004 shown in MSN Money, only the commo

Frank Parsons, the Father of Vocational Guidance Essay

Frank Parsons, the Father of Vocational Guidance - Essay Example Instead of the normal three years required to complete this degree, he did it in just one year. He passed the bar exams in the year 1881. This great effort severely damaged his health, leading to his relocation to New Mexico for renewal. Parsons got into practicing law in Boston. However, he found this not satisfying. He joined a publishing firm where he assisted in preparing textbooks of law. He formulated a philosophy that resulted to impeccable outpouring of writing works as well as other community activities. He then developed a liking for reading and making contacts with people. This had great effect on his career later. He lectured on English literature for a long time the YMCA in Boston. He later had his lectures published under the title, "The World's Best Books" in the year 1889. He became a lecturer at Boston University between the years 1892 and 1905. In his work published in the year 1894 and titled "Our Country's Need", Parsons made a formulation of his views of mutualism. He made an attempt to integrate socialism with individual liberty. He was under great influence by Herbert Spencer and Edward Bellamy from England and the United States respectively. Another notable influence on Parson was "Christian socialism." Parson's aim was to come up with ways to control essential firms like the railroad as well as the telegraph but at the same time honoring the private sector and personal initiatives. He made a good combination of conservatism and radicalism. Most of Parsons' great works confirmed him as a competent social critic. They include "Rational Money", published in the year 1899 and "Direct Legislation", published in the year 1900. Others are "Telegraphic Monopoly" and "Cities for the People" that were both published in the year 1899. Between the years 1897 and 1899, he served as a professor at Kansas Sate Agricultural College but still maintained his connections at Boston. During this period, he became extremely radical due to the Populists' Party greatly succeeding in Kansas. This administrational change led to his sacking together with his associates. This led to their founding of the Ruskins College of Social Sciences. He took up the position of a professor as well as the dean. However, the undertaking did not succeed, leading to his return to Boston. While in Boston, Parsons became seriously involved in various reform causes, traveling across the country and beyond. For instance, he persuaded the owners of Filenes Departmental Stores in Boston to add cooperative principles to their human resources policy. He also took part in the construction of the Civic Service Home. This home was to settle the immigrant groups. He assisted in organizing the Breadwinner's Institute, offering a diploma education to the less fortunate in the society. Parson's writings such as "The Trusts", "Stories of New Zealand", "Railroads", "Heart of the Railroad Problem" and "The People", together with his many articles made him a respected voice progressivism. This however played a big role towards his death on 26th September 1908. "Choosing a Vocation" was published in 1909. This was the first such writing in the career guidance. "Legal Doctrines" and "Social Progresses" followed in the year 1911. Frank Parsons is widely referred to as the "Father of Vocational Guidance." Despite being trained as an engineer, he authored many books on the social-reform movement. He also wrote on

FOOD AND BIVERAGE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

FOOD AND BIVERAGE - Essay Example In order to cut-down costs and gain significant revenue, companies in the hospitality industry prioritized research-based branding strategies, to their specific target group in order to acquire corporate identity and quality service (Morgan, Pritchard and Pride). Distinguishing their brand image and differentiation of their product became of primary importance for all hospitality firms (hotels, restaurants etc). In the recent years, many international hotel firms have turned to a major branding strategy called co-branding. In this concept an existing restaurant is incorporated within a hotel, a practice considered to have been started by Victor Bergen during the 1930’s, establishing fast food outlets in hotels on the highway which had a customer base of American families travelling away from home. The incorporation of this model to the modern hotel industry has been observed to change dramatically both consumer attitude and hotel management (Rutherford). This review plans to a nalyze the current position of strategic co-branding in the hospitality sector and how the tourism industry could be benefited. Furthermore, possible problems are discussed and recommendations to potential managers wanting to employ strategic co-branding techniques are given. 2. Co-branding definition While co-branding doesn’t have a single definition, it generally involves the strategic alliance of at least two firms (Knowles, Diamantis and El-Mourhabi). It has also been described as â€Å"a form of cooperation between two or more brands with significant customer recognition, in which all the participants’ brand names are retained† (Blackett, Boad and Interbrand). Furthermore, Hilyer (Hillyer and Tikoo) explains the definition of co-brading when a product features more than one brand name. Among all these definitions, some common characteristics can be identified. The fundamental part in co-branding is the requirement of two or more brands that are widely recog nised while the brand name is kept intact and the duration of the whole project varies between medium to long (Kippenberger). Therefore, co-branding can be interpreted into reality in two manners: either joining two brand names together in forming a new or unique product or having two recognised brands under the same space, such as T.G.I Fridays within Holiday Inn hotel (Hahm and Khan). 3. Notable examples of Co-branding Based on the model used in the early 1930’s, with Bergen’s restaurants and hotels, the hotel industry began to employ co-branding strategies when it was faced with unprofitable sales. Today a large variety of hotels and restaurants use co-branding as a means of enhancing distribution of products or services together with increasing the range of their customer base, helping them to reach maximum profitability (Boone). Marriot Hotels is considered on of the pioneers of the chain hotels to be the first to implement an internationally recognised brand such as Pizza Hut in 1989 (Boone; Kippenberger). Following their example, the co-branding of TGI Fridays within Holiday Inn hotels turned out to be a financial success. After the conversion of the Pennsylvania Holiday Inn restaurant to TGI Friday’s, the increase from $450,000 to $4 million within the first year only

Changing social and medical attitudes affect ill health

Changing social and medical attitudes affect ill health Health was defined by The World Health Organisation in 1948 as, a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Varying definitions of health can be found depending on an individuals perspective. Medics will focus on biological cause while sociologists argue that health is a product of social and environmental factors. (Naidoo Wills, 2009a: chapters 12) In the early 19th Century there was focus on the elimination of diseases such as plague, smallpox and cholera. With industrialization and rapid urbanization, as the 19th century progressed, health issues became focused on environmental issues such as clean water supplies, disposal of waste and better housing. (Naidoo Wills, 2009b:p3) Health inequalities have been recognised in the UK since William Farr first published statistics in 1837. It remains the case today that health is directly influenced by social class and the effects of poverty and associated behaviour factors. (Ewles, 2005: pp243-245) Urbanisation is the process of population concentration. The 19th century saw the massive growth of cities and the migration of the population from the country and into cities on a scale never seen before. Houses became over crowded with entire families living in one room. The process caused huge problems for public health. (Pathfinder pack on Urbanisation the move to the city in the 19th century, n.d.) (Urbanisation in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, n.d.) Urbanisation was the most profound effect of the Industrial Revolution which developed at a pace in Britain between 1800 and 1850. Cities grew rapidly and lacked sanitation, accumulated sewage, had high rates of crime and poverty and consequently high rates of disease. Heavy use of coal led to an accumulation of dirt and grime. (Urbanisation, n.d.) Larger cities were a necessity of industrial growth but the conditions they brought were in many ways regressive. (Lee, 1995:p48) The Growth of Cities 1801-1901 in thousands. City 1801 1851 1901 Birmingham 71 233 523 Bradford 13 105 280 Leeds 53 172 429 Liverpool 82 376 704 Manchester 70 303 645 Newcastle 33 88 247 Nottingham 29 57 240 Sheffield 46 135 407 (Reynoldson 1996:p10) A part of London was described by Thomas Southwood-Smith in 1838 as follows, Beckwith Row has an open drain. The houses have common, open privies (toilets) which are in the most offensive condition. In one house I found six persons living in a very small room, two in bed, ill with fever. (Reynoldson, 1996: p110) http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:HcwSJOrT5lACaM:http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/stories/the_industrial_town/06.ST.02/img/IM.1064_zp.jpg Slums in 1872 London [Making the modern world, n.d.) There were no controls on the standard of housing and the Government maintained a laissez-faire attitude. That is they believed there should be no central government intervention. Local efforts were haphazard and insufficient. (Todd, 2002:p31) Smallpox was the greatest killer at the beginning of the 19th century. Jenner observed that milkmaids who caught a mild form of the disease or cowpox didnt develop smallpox. From this study, Jenner discovered a method of vaccination against smallpox. He faced much opposition to his discovery as some people simply didnt like anything new while others described his theory as bizarre. Jenner wasnt a fashionable London Doctor and he couldnt explain how or why vaccination worked so he wasnt taken seriously. Some people called it an interference with nature. (Lee 1995:p44) (Todd, 2002:p32) Success of the vaccine was put down to coincidence by some Doctors who made money through an older practice of inoculation. (Lee, 1995:p44) A smallpox epidemic, during which 40,000 people died, resulted in the government making the smallpox vaccination compulsory in 1840 even though some continued to argue that this measure was against human rights. Smallpox declined, until by 1900 it had almost disappeared. This was the first example of the government accepting responsibility for an area of public health. (Lee, 1995:p44) Cartwright in A social History of Medicine (1977) describes Jenners discovery as one of the most beneficial changes in the history of social medicine.his work is recognised as the starting point of attempts to combat infection by immunization. (adapted from Lee, 1995:p45) Jenners work and the train of events that followed affected a social revolution. Individual choice was sacrificed for the interests of the community. (Cartwright, 1977:p92) At the same time, two other diseases also presented a challenge. TB cholera were more difficult to tackle as both diseases spread as a result of poor living conditions. TB or consumption took hold as towns grew and took over from smallpox as the greatest killer disease. Cholera epidemics struck several times during the first half of the 19th century. In 1854 John Snow proved that cholera was connected with polluted water. He was able to show that a water pump in the Broadgate area of London was the origin of 500 cases. People using another pump nearby did not catch the disease. Once the Broadgate pump was put out of action, no further cases were reported in the area. (Lee, 1995:p51) http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:dkmPPVrjlaE3NM:http://historyday.coldray.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/john-snow.jpg John Snow (1813-1858) http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:fd12xpKjN8GveM:http://thedoublethink.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/450px-john_snow_memorial_and_pub.jpg Replica Broadgate pump (www.health.eku.edu/ehs/faculty/darryl_barnett.htm) A fierce debate raged about responsibility for public health with strong views about the role of the government. Several arguments for non-intervention were put forward including that government intervention would interfere with peoples basic rights or the freedom to be dirty. Some people believed that if the state acted to improve housing the moral courage of the poor would be reduced. (Lee 1953: p53) A letter to The Times in 1854 read, We prefer to take our chance with cholera than be bullied into health. Many people have died from a good washing. (Quoted in Lee, 1995:p53) But several important people put the case for action by the state including William Farr and Thomas Southwood-Smith who both recommended government intervention. Tonge in Challenging History 1700-1914 says, Of all the campaigners for improved public health, Edwin Chadwick stands monumentally above the rest. Chadwick stressed the connection between public health and disease and how such factors needed to be addressed by government intervention. Chadwicks report The sanitary conditions of the Labouring Population of Great Britain was published in 1842 and recommended that the government take steps to improve drainage, remove rubbish from the streets and improve the water supply. (Wilkes: 2007: p 92) (Reynoldson: 1996, p 113) http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:iK4kyWJkVFmbWM:http://wpcontent.answers.com/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/SirEdwinChadwick.jpg/200px-SirEdwinChadwick.jpg Edwin Chadwick (www.answers.com/topic/edwin-chadwick) The government distanced itself from Chadwicks report largely because of the influential figures he has discredited and the laissez-faire debate lasted for much of the 19th century. Loosely translated this means do not interfere. Some members of parliament were making money from rent on the slums and refused to tear them down. Eventually, however, the social effects of economic growth were so severe that gradually the state became more involved in issues of public health. The great stink in 1858 (when a heat wave caused the Thames to smell worse than ever) inspired the government into action. (Wilkes 2007). In 1861, Prince Alberts death from typhoid was attributed to contaminated water from the Thames and put further pressure on the government to do something. (Cartwright, 1977, p95) In 1867, working class men were given the right to vote. Political parties realised that by promising to improve living conditions, they could secure the working class vote. When the Conservatives won the 1874 election, they introduced many public health reforms. Aaron Wilkes (Medicine through Time) sees this as the most important reason why politicians began to make improvements. Some cities including Birmingham and Liverpool started some clearance of slums, built sewers, improved refuse collection services and opened public baths. Some private companies such as Lever, Cadbury and Rowntree saw the benefits of providing good housing for their workers. It was, however, not until after the First World War that extensive slum clearance was commenced. (Lee 1995:p57) Miasma or the infectious mist given off by rotting animals, rubbish and human waste was thought to be the cause of many of the epidemics in the 19th Century. Scientists identified germs using a microscope but believed that the disease caused germs rather than the other way round. This was known as spontaneous generation. Louis Pasteur questioned this theory and was able to prove that germs caused disease but many Doctors wouldnt entertain his ideas. It took the German Doctor, Koch, to apply Pasteurs theory to human disease. Koch was able to prove that germs caused TB, cholera and anthrax. (Mantin Pulley, 1988:p49) http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:OdyqTCWJiq49tM:http://web.ukonline.co.uk/b.gardner/pasteur.jpg Louis Pasteur (web.ukonline.co.uk/b.gardner/pasteur.htm) Pasteur built on Kochs work and developed a vaccine for rabies. Soon the germs responsible for typhus, tetanus, typhoid, pneumonia, meningitis, plague, septicaemia and dysentery were identified. Once germs were discovered vaccines could be made. Scientists now had a powerful new weapon to fight disease. (Wilkes, 2007:p88) Vaccination is one of the greatest success stories of modern medicine. Smallpox has been wiped out and tuberculosis and polio have been significantly reduced. Children are now regularly vaccinated against a number if diseases. (Lee, 1995:82) The smallpox vaccine was given free in 1840 but it was another 100 years before vaccination against TB was provided. This was followed by vaccines for diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus (1954), polio (1955), measles (1964) and rubella (1969). (Lee, 1995:p82) Progress continues today as a new vaccine has been introduced this year which protects girls against the virus that causes cervical cancer. The 19th Century also saw developments in surgery. The problems were pain and infection. The breakthrough came with the development of anaesthetics and antiseptics. (Lee, 1995: pp5961) William Moston experimented with ether and James Simpson tried chloroform. As with most medical discoveries, the first reaction of surgeons was criticism. Some argued that the long term effects were unknown and others objected on religious grounds. In some cases patients still died if the anaesthetic wasnt correctly administered. Some people thought that surgeons would cut off whatever they liked while the patient was unconscious and army Doctors thought the use of anaesthetic was soft. (Reynoldson, 1996:97). Others said that it was unnatural to ease a womans pain during childbirth. The breakthrough came when Queen Victoria used chloroform during the birth of her eighth baby and use of anaesthetics then became common practice. (Wikes, 1988: p101) The use of anaesthetics was a great step forward but it didnt stop deaths from infection after the operation. In the 19th Century hospitals were dirty places. Patients with disease were herded together, the same instruments were used on many patients and Doctors didnt change their blood stained coats between operations. Doctor Joseph Lister was influenced by Pasteur and believed it important to kill the bacteria in the operating theatre. He did this by spraying carbolic acid (although his theory wasnt quite accurate as the bacteria was really on the instruments not in the air, but the incidence of infection was reduced by some of the antiseptic also landing on the instruments in use). Lister encountered much opposition as nurses and doctors complained about the smell and the amount of time taken to clean the theatre. Lister didnt communicate well and surgeons who didnt work with him were not convinced. (Lee.1995: p64) Eventually antiseptics and cleanliness came together to form the modern approach to surgery or asepsis. By the beginning of the 20th century Doctors were operating in a germ free environment, using sterilised equipment and wearing gowns masks. Death rates reduced massively; at Newcastle Infirmary before 1873, 59.2% of patients died after an operation (pre antisepsis), after 1873 only 4% died (post antisepsis). (Figures from The Lancet in 1878 in Lee, 1995:p65). Use of a carbolic spray during an operation circa. 1880 and the sterile environment of a modern operating department. http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:476AON2yuy0EGM:http://www.answersingenesis.org/assets/images/articles/aid/v4/antiseptic-surgery.jpg http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:sgiACWjAMvVpNM:http://www.workingmats.com/images/Operating_Theatre_115313_08.jpg (www.history.langtreeshout.org/tag/lister/) (www.workingmats.com/images/Operating_Theatre) During the Crimean war (1854/56) Florence Nightingales influence saw death rates reduce as she was responsible for organising better water supplies and food and keeping the wards clean. Fiona Reynoldson in Medicine Through Time says the death rate of wounded soldiers in hospital reduced by 40% under Nightingales influence. In 1899 a recruitment campaign for men to fight in the Boar War highlighted the fact that around 40% of those volunteering were unfit for military duty. In 1904 a government report concluded that there needed to be more government intervention to improve the health of children. When the Liberal government was elected in 1905, a large number of reforms were introduced including free school meals for poor children, a free school medical service and women were taught about hygiene and childcare. Pensions for over 70s and basic sick and unemployment pay were also introduced. Over the next 30 years successive governments took measures to improve the health of children and mortality rates dropped. (Wilkes, 2007:p114) During the 1st World War, Prime Minister Lloyd George promised soldiers returning homes fit for heroes. The government set itself a target of building half a million decent homes by 1933. The war revolutionized society and made us move in a new and different direction. (Fenwick-Baines, 2009) When Britain was plunged into the First World War the need for a way to combat staphylococcus, a highly resistant bacteria, was urgently needed. Many soldiers died, not from the bullets, but from the infection caused by the bullets deep in the body. Conditions in the trenches were appalling and wounds quickly turned septic. Alexander Fleming worked on wounds and infections during the war and made an important discovery that the penicillin mould would attack and kill certain bacteria. Fleming is credited with its discovery but other scientists went on to develop the drug for human use. Initially, money wasnt available for its manufacture but The Second World War was vital in progressing its mass production. The American government recognised its value and agreed to pay drug companies to manufacture vast quantities to treat injured soldiers. Penicillin is still the most widely used antibiotic and is used to treat many bacterial infections, many other antibiotics followed . By the end o f the war, drug companies made it available for general use. (Wilkes, 2007: p118) (Board works, 2003) The problem of blood shortage baffled Doctors for centuries but hundreds of wounded soldiers provided the strongest possible reason for expediting the establishment of the new blood transfusion service. This is another typical example of war acting as a catalyst for change. The 2nd World War actually saw the health of the nation improve as rationing meant that fatty sugary foods were in short supply. The government urged people to dig for victory and grow their own vegetables. The government promoted healthy living including basic hygiene and immunisation against diphtheria all part of a campaign to have a healthy nation able to stand up to Hitler.(Board works, 2003) Dig For Victory http://www.5aday.nhs.uk/images/top_tips_2/pic_carrot_eyes.jpg The Dig for Victory campaign during the 2nd World War is remarkably similar to todays Try 5 message. (www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g :2009) (www.5aday.nhs.uk: ) Birth rates reduced with the availability of contraception and with fewer mouths to feed, better food was provided for children. Between the wars little changed as the economy experienced difficulties (the 1930s depression) but during and after the Second World War there was a further huge development. In 1942 The Beveridge Report recommended a welfare state and that the government should help people from the cradle to the grave. After the war people wanted change and a social revolution. The war was over and it was time to look to the future. Some people did not like the new ideas and said everyone should be independent, the rich objected to paying heavier taxes to fund the welfare state. (Cartwright 1977: p173) The suggestions made by Beveridge were not immediately put into force as the cost was questioned but when Labour took power in 1945, the NHS was born. From the introduction of the NHS in 1948, everyone was entitled to free medical treatment. The welfare state and the NHS in particular met with opposition. Churchill and the conservative party felt the cost was too much for the economy to bear. Critics suggested the health service was wasteful and that people were getting things they didnt need. The service was also free to overseas visitors and some argued that this was over-generous. The BMA objected, initially fearing Doctors would lose their independence and that their income would reduce as an employee of the NHS. Compromise was only reached when agreement was given that Doctors would still be able to take on private, fee-paying patients. (Lee 1995:95) (Reynoldson, 1996:118) (Lloyd T. 1986:289) (Wilkes, 2007:123) The dawn of the NHS was a huge change in the way people accessed healthcare. After the war New Towns were built to replace the inner city slums. The 1947 Town and Country Planning Act identified green belts where houses would not be allowed to swallow up the countryside. In 1954 the clean air act reduced smoke and smog in cities. In 1980, The Black Report stated that although health had improved since the introduction of the welfare state, huge inequalities in still existed between the rich and the poor. It concluded the reason for the disparity to be poverty. (BBC History, 2009) 1992 saw the publication of The Health of the Nation. This was the first ever strategy for healthcare improvement setting out objectives and measurable targets in four key areas: heart disease stroke, cancers, mental health, HIV/AIDS and accidents. The areas were selected because they were either a major cause of premature death or avoidable, interventions were possible and achievements could be monitored. (Childs, 1996) In 2000 health authorities became more autonomous and the establishment of a healthy competition between them. However, postcode can now determine the quality of healthcare provided and whether the hospital can afford or is willing to pay for the specific drugs and treatments, Press reports in recent months have highlighted how some patients been declined expensive cancer drugs by a particular hospital while it is provided to patients of a neighbouring authority. This contradicts the ethos of the NHS its position of equality of provision for all. Massive changes took place throughout the 19th and 20th centuries in terms of public health provision and scientific and medical discoveries. The NHS didnt stay completely free. It is rarely out of the news as waiting lists get longer because people are living longer. The main problem is funding as modern drugs and treatments are expensive.Most Infections and diseases can be prevented or cured but Doctors still struggle with heart disease and cancer. Viral infections like the common cold and AIDS cannot be cured and emphasis is now placed on educating people about how to avoid diseases like AIDS and lung cancer through lifestyle changes. (Wilkes A. 2007:p124) Two aspects of modern living which can have a detrimental effect on the health of the population are; smoking and diet. Although initially promoted as cleansing the lungs by tobacco manufacturers, the detrimental effects of smoking have been know for half a century. Naidoo Willis in Public Health and Health Promotion: developing practice highlight smoking as the single most preventable cause of ill health and premature death. A third of cancer deaths are linked to smoking and it is also linked to heart and lung disease. Smoking is estimated to cost the NHS  £1.7billion each year (Dept of Health 1998 Royal College of Physicians 1992 in Naidoo Willis 2009) Marlboros for Mummy Examples of early cigarette advertising. http://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/03/uk_goodbye_tobacco_ads/img/2.jpg (news.bbc.co.uk//html/2.stm) (news.bbc.co.uk//html/2.stm, 2009) Early Cigarette advertising actually promoted the health benefits claiming relief from asthma, wheezing and hay fever. Craven called itself the Doctors Choice. Marlbroro promoted the benefits of smoking to Mothers. In 1998 the government banned tobacco advertising and targeted an anti-smoking campaign at children, pregnant women and disadvantaged adults. Demand is controlled by taxation and a ban on smoking in a public places including pubs. Obesity is a growing problem and has trebled since 1980. It is linked to social disadvantage and the way childrens lifestyles have changed over the last 50 years (more TV/computer time, less physical activity, convenience foods, working Mothers with less time). There is mounting pressure to ban the advertising of junk food. A high fat diet has been linked to heart disease and some cancers. NHS spending on sickness attributed to obesity has been estimated to exceed  £3.6billion. (Joint Health Surveys Unit, 2002 Mulvihill Quigley, 2003 Naidoo Willis 2009:p239). Last year the government launched the change4life education campaign to promote the message eat well, move more, live longer which encourages parents to make sure their children have a minimum of one hour exercise each day and reduce the amount of fat in their diet. http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:lg0Gy-_B7JmSnM:http://www.sunseaandcycling.com/Files/Images/C4L_master-logo-rgb.jpg http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:n39JMfcD3UH9DM:http://images.teamsugar.com/files/upl2/1/15111/11_2009/cb3240a4f35793dc_uk-change-4-life-ad.jpg (www.nhs.uk/Change4life, 2009) Public Health interventions have evolved as the government have taken responsibility for living conditions and health service provision, mass vaccination and immunization programmes. The epidemiological transition in the 20th Century saw the main causes of death and illness shift from infections to illness such as heart disease and cancer where lifestyle is a huge factor. (Naidoo Wills 2005:4) Current public health measures include mass screening programmes for example for breast and cervical cancers, extensive vaccination programmes as well as education and advice delivered by practitioners and the media campaigns. Examples of recent/current health media campaigns. http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:vS8pq7HettyShM:http://www2.glos.ac.uk/offload/staff/news/swineflu.jpg http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:qNfrnzs-ahQTYM:http://draust.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/nhs-measles-poster.jpg http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:gslEVyv3VyG7SM:http://www.elements4health.com/images/stories/conditions/breast-cancer-ribbon-2.jpg (www.chesterfield.gov.uk/lowgraphic).. (draust.wordpress.com) (www.elements4health.com/report-highlights-ser) The political agenda is dominated by social responsibility and recognition of the links between poverty and ill health. Acheson defines health promotion as the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organised efforts of society. (Acheson 1988 in Naidoo Wills, 2005:4)